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Core Types and Structure of AC Fan Motor
Release Date:
2025-12-15
The AC fan motor is the conventional AC induction motor that drives the fan in a fan coil unit, serving as the fundamental power component of the fan coil system. It is characterized by mature technology, low cost, and simple maintenance.
The AC fan motor is the conventional AC induction motor that drives the fan in a fan coil unit, serving as the fundamental power component of the fan coil system. Owing to its mature technology, low cost, and simple maintenance, it continues to be widely used in mid- to low-end commercial buildings and in the renovation of older residential properties.
I. Core Types and Structure
The motors used in fan coil units are predominantly single-phase induction motors, which can be classified into two types based on their winding design and starting method:
Capacitor-start motor
Structure: It comprises a running winding (main winding) and a starting winding (auxiliary winding), requiring an external start capacitor; the rotor is of a die-cast aluminum squirrel-cage design, with no permanent magnets or brushes.
Features: It delivers a relatively high starting torque, making it well-suited for the low-load start-up requirements of fan coil units; however, the inrush current is comparatively high, and during operation it relies on a capacitor to maintain the phase difference.
Capacitor-run motor
Structure: The start winding and the run winding are permanently connected in the circuit, with the capacitor serving both starting and running functions, resulting in a simpler structure than that of a capacitor-start motor.
Characteristics: better operational stability, slightly lower noise, and currently the mainstream type of AC fan motor; common Models include the YDK and YSK series.
II. Operating Principle
The AC fan motor operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, with the core mechanism being that the stator magnetic field cuts through the rotor conductors, inducing an electric current that in turn drives the rotor to rotate. The specific process is as follows:
When a single-phase AC supply is connected to the motor, the starting capacitor introduces a phase shift, creating a 90° phase difference between the running winding and the starting winding and generating a rotating magnetic field.
The rotating magnetic field cuts the rotor’s squirrel-cage conductors, inducing currents within the rotor. These induced currents then experience electromagnetic forces in the stator’s magnetic field, which drive the rotor to rotate.
The rotor speed is always lower than the synchronous speed of the stator’s rotating magnetic field (a “slip” exists, typically ranging from 2% to 5%), which is why it is called an “asynchronous motor.”
By switching the tap positions of the windings to alter the stator magnetic field strength, three-speed operation—high, medium, and low—is achieved; stepless speed control is not possible.
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